2.1. BODY POSTURE / ORTHOSOMY – basic position

PRACTICE Aim: Aim of this module is to find out what is the correct position / posture of the body in daily life and in the basic starting positions- points for performing different exercises. Learning Outcomes: By completing this course you will be able to evaluate the trainee's posture, provide correct instructions for body posture according to the starting position and the exercise performed, as well as correct the wrong body postures, giving appropriate instructions.

Body posture: It is referred to how the different parts of the body are positioned relative to each other. The position and spatial arrangement of the various parts of the body together constitute and define a physical posture, such as e.g. standing posture, lying down, sitting, quadruped position etc.
Ideal (proper)body posture: That posture in which the individual parts of the body are positioned in such a way that the torques and loads created by gravity and / or overload are minimal.

Proper posture is one that ensures, as far as possible, that the loads applied on the spine and joints are the minimum, e.g. on the knees when the individual is lying down, sitting, standing, walking or doing any other movement, e.g. performs fitness exercises. Obviously, there is a variety of position that the human body can perform. However, in every posture and every physical movement, the relationship between the joints is different, the loads due to gravity and body weight can be changed regarding their amount and direction, while the muscles and other biological materials are activated differently ensuring and/ or maintaining this posture. For example, the stability of the spine is achieved by the presence of curves, the ligaments which do not generate motion, but expanded by the various movements, the intervertebral discs which are between the vertebrae and absorbing vibrations, as well as by the activation of the abdominal muscles, dorsal and gluteal muscles. The basic rule for protection is: "Keep the normal spine curves unchanged and do not place joints in extreme positions". From the beginning to the end of each training session, and in particular during the performance of the exercises, the personal trainer must check that the trainee has the correct posture attitude and correct it when needed. From the beginning to the end of each training session, and in particular during the performance of the exercises, the personal trainer must check that the trainee has the correct posture attitude and correct it when needed.

2.1. BODY POSTURE / ORTHOSOMY – basic position

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